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Legal Resources

Everything on Mara Vakil in one place: legal services you can book with live prices, twelve practice area guides, ten city guides with 120 local pages, step-by-step guides, free calculators for stamp duty, fees and deadlines, the latest legal news and help for clients and advocates. Start from your question below, or use the form to reach a verified advocate at no cost.

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Mara Vakil is not a law firm and does not give legal advice. Any fee is agreed directly with the advocate.

Legal resources: the short version

  • One map of the whole site. Services you can book, twelve practice area guides, ten city guides with 120 local pages, step-by-step guides, free calculators, legal news and help.
  • Start with your goal. Want a document done? Go to services. Facing a dispute? Read the practice area. Need to know which court? Open the city guide.
  • Free tools do the arithmetic. Stamp duty, cheque bounce deadlines, consumer complaint fees, RTI fees, gazette fees and legal aid eligibility.
  • Written in plain English from the bare Acts and court judgments, reviewed when the law changes.
  • Advocates have their own section, covering joining, ethical client work, the free case diary, court groups and the intern hub.
  • Clients never pay. Describe your matter in the form and an advocate with checked enrolment who handles it can call you.
Enrolment-verified advocates · Free for clients

Need help with your your kind of matter? Book a free call back from an enrolment-verified advocate.

How to find what you need on Mara Vakil

  1. Decide what kind of help you want. A one-off document or filing points to legal services; a dispute or a case points to an advocate; a question about how something works points to a guide.
  2. Use the search. The search box at the top of every page looks across services, guides, cities and news, so a few words such as "rent agreement Pune" or "anticipatory bail" usually find the right page.
  3. Read the relevant guide. Practice area and city guides explain the law, the forum and the documents. Note any deadline mentioned.
  4. Run the numbers. Use a calculator for stamp duty, fees or deadlines before you commit to anything.
  5. Book or post. Book a service from its page, or describe your matter so an advocate can call you.
  6. Track progress. Use your order ID on the track order page, or wait for the advocate's call after posting.

Where to start, depending on your question

Your questionBest starting point
"I need an affidavit, rent agreement or notice prepared."Legal services
"I want to marry, change my name or register something."Legal services
"Someone has filed a case against me."Practice areas, then talk to an advocate
"Which court in my city handles this?"Lawyers by city
"How does the process work, step by step?"Legal guides
"How much stamp duty or court fee will I pay?"Legal calculators
"Can I get a free lawyer?"Legal aid eligibility checker
"What did the Supreme Court decide recently?"Legal news
"How do I use Mara Vakil, or report a problem?"Help center or contact us
"I am an advocate and want to join."Join as an advocate

Twenty-five common questions and where to find the answer

QuestionGo to
How long does a mutual divorce take?Divorce filing guide
How much maintenance can a wife claim?Family law guide
What is anticipatory bail and when can I apply?Bail guide
Police are not registering my FIR. What now?Criminal law guide
How do I check a property before buying?Property verification
How much stamp duty will I pay?Stamp duty calculator
My tenant will not vacate. What can I do?Property guide and your city guide
Someone owes me money. How do I recover it?Civil law guide
A cheque bounced. What are the deadlines?Cheque bounce calculator
The builder is late. Where do I complain?Consumer guide
How do I file a consumer complaint online?Consumer filing guide
My employer has not paid my salary.Employment guide
I lost money in a UPI fraud.Cyber law guide
I received an income tax notice.Tax guide
How do I make a valid will?Wills guide and will drafting
How do I claim a deceased parent's bank deposits?Succession certificate
How do we get a court marriage?Court marriage
How do I change my name officially?Name change in gazette
How do I file an RTI?RTI guide
Am I eligible for a free lawyer?Legal aid checker
How much do lawyers charge?Legal fees guide
How do I choose the right advocate?Choosing an advocate
Which court will hear my case in my city?Lawyers by city
What changed with the new criminal laws?Legal guides
How do I become a listed advocate?Advocate registration guide

Before you sign any legal document

  1. Read every page, including annexures and small print. Ask for time if you are rushed.
  2. Check names, numbers and dates against your own documents, character for character.
  3. Understand what you are giving up, such as a claim, a right to sue or ownership.
  4. Look for blanks. Never sign a document with empty spaces that could be filled in later.
  5. Ask about stamping and registration, because a document that needed either may not be enforceable without it.
  6. Keep a signed copy, with every page initialled where that is the practice.
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Key numbers in everyday Indian law

These figures come up again and again. They are correct as general rules, but exceptions and updates exist, so confirm before relying on them for a decision.

RuleFigure
District consumer commission limitClaims up to ₹50 lakh; state commission up to ₹2 crore
Commercial court thresholdCommercial disputes of ₹3 lakh or more
Cheque bounceNotice inside a month of the return memo, then a fortnight for the drawer to pay
Consumer complaint limitationTwo years from the cause of action
RTI reply30 days, or 48 hours for life and liberty
Production after arrestBefore a magistrate within 24 hours
Default bailArises where the police miss the 60-day or 90-day limit for filing the chargesheet, the limit depending on the offence
Internal committee for harassment complaintsRequired at workplaces with ten or more employees
Marriage age21 for men and 18 for women
Court marriage notice30 days before the marriage
Lease registrationRequired for leases of one year or more
Legal aid helpline15100

Three common journeys, start to finish

Buying a flat

Shortlist, then verify title and approvals; issue a public notice; sign an agreement for sale with a modest advance; arrange the loan; pay stamp duty and register the sale deed; apply for mutation and transfer utilities. See the registration guide.

Mutual consent divorce

Live apart for the required period; agree on custody, money and belongings; file a joint petition; appear for the first motion; wait for the cooling-off period or ask for it to be waived; appear for the second motion; receive the decree. See the divorce guide.

Consumer complaint

Write to the seller; register with the National Consumer Helpline; file on e-Jagriti before the right commission; the commission issues notice; evidence is filed by affidavit; arguments; order for refund, replacement or compensation. See the consumer filing guide.

Resources by topic

Most legal problems belong to one of a dozen broad topics. For each, here is where to start on Mara Vakil and which tools and services help along the way.

Marriage, separation and children

Begin with the divorce guide if a marriage is ending, or the family law guide for maintenance, custody and protection from violence. The step-by-step divorce filing guide explains the process in order. For getting married or recording a marriage, see court marriage, Arya Samaj marriage and marriage registration. Couples facing family threats can read about a protection petition.

Police, arrest and criminal cases

The criminal law guide covers FIRs, investigation, trial and quashing, and the bail guide explains regular, anticipatory and default bail. The bail process guide walks through an application step by step. The legal guides page has a conversion table from old IPC and CrPC sections to the new codes.

Property, land and housing

The property guide covers title, partition, possession, tenancy and builder disputes. Before buying, read the registration guide, estimate duty with the stamp duty calculator, and consider property verification and a public notice. Landlords and tenants can start with a rent agreement. City guides explain each state's land records and rent laws.

Money, contracts and recovery

For unpaid dues and broken agreements, see the civil law guide. A legal notice is usually the first step. If a cheque has bounced, the cheque bounce calculator works out your deadlines and the cheque bounce notice service handles the statutory notice.

Consumer problems

The consumer law guide and the complaint filing guide explain how to take on sellers, builders, insurers, banks and hospitals. The fee calculator tells you which commission and what fee, and the consumer complaint service can prepare the filing.

Work and employment

The labour and employment guide covers termination, unpaid wages, gratuity, provident fund and workplace harassment under the four labour codes now in effect.

Online fraud and cyber crime

The cyber law guide explains what to do after online fraud, hacking, impersonation or harassment. In an emergency, call 1930 first.

Tax notices

The tax guide covers income tax and GST notices, replies and appeals, including the change to the Income-tax Act, 2025 from April 2026.

Wills, inheritance and after a death

The wills and estates guide explains making a will, probate, succession certificates and inheritance under each personal law. Services include will drafting, gift deeds, legal heir certificates and succession certificates.

Running a business

The corporate law guide covers business structures, agreements, disputes and insolvency. Registrations include GST, Udyam, trademark and a partnership deed.

Government, information and identity

The RTI guide and RTI fee calculator help you get information from public authorities. For identity documents, see name change in the gazette, the gazette fee calculator and affidavits.

Courts, costs and choosing a lawyer

The legal fees guide explains what lawyers and courts charge, and choosing the right advocate and finding an advocate help you pick well. If cost is a barrier, try the legal aid eligibility checker.

Everything on Mara Vakil, by section

Legal services

Documentation and filing services with live prices, free booking and online tracking.

Marriage & Family: Court Marriage · Arya Samaj Marriage · Marriage Registration · Protection Petition for Couples · Mutual Consent Divorce

Name Change & Gazette: Name Change in Gazette · Name Change Newspaper Ad · Surname Change After Marriage · Name Change Affidavit · Date of Birth Change in Gazette · Religion Change in Gazette

Newspaper & Public Notices: Lost Document Newspaper Ad · Property Public Notice · Disinheritance (Bedakhli) Notice

Documents & Agreements: Affidavit Drafting and Notary · Rent Agreement · Power of Attorney · Will Drafting and Registration · Gift Deed · Partnership Deed · Property Document Verification

Notices & Disputes: Legal Notice · Reply to Legal Notice · Cheque Bounce Notice (Section 138) · Consumer Complaint

Certificates: Legal Heir Certificate · Succession Certificate

Business: Trademark Registration · GST Registration · MSME (Udyam) Registration

Practice areas

Divorce · Family · Criminal · Bail · Property · Civil · Consumer · Corporate · Labour · Cyber · Tax · Wills and estates

Lawyers by city

Delhi · Mumbai · Bangalore · Chennai · Hyderabad · Kolkata · Pune · Ahmedabad · Jaipur · Lucknow

Legal guides

Filing for divorce · Bail process · Property registration · Consumer complaint · RTI application · Legal fees · Choosing an advocate · Posting your case

Free calculators and checkers

Stamp duty (all states) · Stamp duty (Delhi) · Cheque bounce deadlines · Consumer complaint fee · RTI fee · Gazette fee · Legal aid eligibility

Latest legal news

Help center

Helplines, safety tips, how the platform works and how to contact us.

Enrolment-verified advocates · Free for clients

Every advocate on Mara Vakil has had their Bar Council enrolment checked before being listed.

Official government resources worth bookmarking

Alongside Mara Vakil's guides, these official portals let you read the law, check cases and use government services directly. Names are given so you can search for them; always use the official site.

PortalUse it to
India CodeLook up the current, amended text of a statute
e-Gazette of IndiaConfirm when a law took effect, read new rules, and download published name changes
Supreme Court and High Court websitesCheck case status, cause lists and judgments
eCourts servicesTrack district court cases with the CNR number
National Judicial Data GridSee statistics on pending and decided cases
NALSA and state legal services authoritiesApply for legal aid and check Lok Adalat dates
Tele-LawSpeak to a panel lawyer over video from a village common service centre, at no cost
e-JagritiFile and track consumer complaints
National Consumer HelplineRegister grievances against businesses
Cybercrime reporting portalReport online fraud and harassment
RTI OnlineFile RTI applications to central public authorities
State land record portalsView land records such as 7/12, khatauni, jamabandi, patta or RTC
State registration portalsCheck valuation rates, pay stamp duty and book registration
State RERA websitesCheck project registration and file complaints
Income tax and GST portalsFile returns, respond to notices and track refunds
EPFO portalCheck provident fund balance and claims
Udyam registration portalRegister a micro, small or medium enterprise free
IP IndiaSearch and file trademarks
Ministry of Corporate Affairs portalCheck company and LLP records and filings
DigiLockerStore and share official documents digitally

Beware of look-alike websites that charge fees for free government services. Check the web address carefully, and never share OTPs.

Resources for particular readers

Students and young professionals

Rent agreements, fee refund disputes, online scams and first jobs are the common issues. Start with the consumer guide, the cyber guide and the employment guide. Law students can use the internship guide.

Senior citizens

Maintenance from children, protecting property, wills and pensions matter most. The family guide explains the senior citizens maintenance law, and the wills guide covers estate planning. Elderline 14567 offers guidance.

Women

Protection from domestic violence, maintenance, workplace harassment and property rights are covered in the family, employment and property guides. Legal aid is free for every woman whatever she earns, and 181 is the women's helpline.

NRIs

The usual worries are looking after a flat or land back home, giving someone authority to act, sorting out an inheritance, and marriages that cross borders. See the power of attorney service, the property guide and the relevant city guide.

Small businesses

Contracts, recovery, registrations and tax notices dominate. Start with the corporate guide, the civil guide and the tax guide.

Advocates

Joining Mara Vakil, ethical client work, the case diary, court groups and internships are covered under join as an advocate, getting clients ethically, advertising rules and the case diary.

Protecting yourself from legal scams

Fraudsters increasingly pretend to be police officers, court staff, lawyers or regulators, because fear of the law makes people act without thinking. Knowing the common tricks is the best defence.

Scammers rely on panic and secrecy: they tell you not to hang up, not to tell family and to act within minutes. Any call that insists on all three is almost certainly fraud. Talk to someone you trust before doing anything. If you have been targeted, save the numbers and messages, report on cybercrime.gov.in and read the cyber law guide.

Disputes you can often resolve without going to court

DisputeRoute that often works
Bank charges or unauthorised debitsBank grievance cell, then the RBI ombudsman
Insurance claim rejectionInsurer's grievance team, then the insurance ombudsman
Product or service complaintWritten complaint to the company, then the National Consumer Helpline
Government office delayWritten grievance to the officer, the department's grievance portal or an RTI application
Family and money disputesMediation, or a Lok Adalat for pending or pre-litigation matters
Society or apartment disputesManaging committee, then the registrar or competent authority
Workplace harassmentInternal committee under the POSH Act
Unpaid dues from a small business buyerMSME facilitation council for registered micro and small enterprises

These routes are usually faster and cheaper. Keep records throughout, because if they fail, your paperwork becomes evidence for the next step.

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Not sure what applies to you? Describe your situation and a verified advocate can call you back.

What is free on Mara Vakil, and what is not

FreeAgreed directly or shown on the service page
Reading every guide, calculator and news storyAn advocate's professional fee, agreed between you and the advocate
Searching the advocate directoryPrices of documentation services, shown live on each service page
Posting your matter and receiving a call backFees fixed by the state, for example court fee, stamp duty or the cost of a newspaper notice
Booking a service, with no advance payment
Tracking an order
Joining as an advocate

Any demand for payment in Mara Vakil's name beyond these arrangements is not from us; refuse it and report it to help@maravakil.in.

A simple yearly legal check-up

A little routine attention each year prevents many legal problems. This is a practical list for most households.

Your rights with banks, sellers, hospitals and service providers

Many disputes come from everyday dealings with businesses and institutions. Knowing the baseline rules helps you push back politely and firmly.

Banks

Online shopping

Hospitals

Insurance

In every case, put complaints in writing, keep reference numbers, and note the dates of each reply, because ombudsmen and commissions ask what you did first. When these routes fail, the consumer law guide explains how to go to the consumer commission.

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Clients never pay Mara Vakil. Posting your matter and the call back are free.

Your rights over personal data

India's data protection law of 2023, now backed by rules and being brought in stage by stage, gives each person a set of rights against organisations that hold information about them.

How Mara Vakil handles your data is set out in our privacy policy.

Legal emergencies on one screen

EmergencyCall or go toThen read
Violence or immediate danger112Criminal law guide
Woman in distress181Family law guide
Child at risk1098Family law guide
Money lost online1930 and cybercrime.gov.inCyber law guide
Arrest of a family memberAn advocate, or 15100 for legal aidBail guide
Eviction or demolition noticeAn advocate without delayProperty guide
Hearing tomorrow, no lawyerPost your matter marked urgentTalk to an advocate

What happens after you post a matter

  1. Your request is shown to suitable advocates near you who handle that kind of matter, without your phone number.
  2. One advocate accepts and receives your number; others no longer see the request.
  3. The advocate calls you to understand the matter and explain options and fees; you decide whether to engage them.

If nobody nearby accepts, the request is widened to your state and then the country. If you need help at any stage, call 98913 43962.

Contract clauses worth understanding before you sign

Whether it is a job offer, a flat booking form, a rent agreement or a business contract, the same handful of clauses decide what happens when things go wrong.

Jurisdiction clause
Chooses which city's courts will hear disputes, among those that legally could. It can force you to litigate far from home.
Arbitration clause
Sends disputes to a private arbitrator instead of a court. Check who appoints the arbitrator, where the seat is and who pays.
Indemnity
A promise to cover the other side's losses in certain situations. Broad indemnities can expose you to large claims.
Liquidated damages
A pre-agreed amount payable for a breach, such as delay. Courts generally allow only a reasonable amount, not a penalty.
Force majeure
Excuses performance when events outside a party's control intervene. Read what events are covered.
Lock-in period
A minimum period during which a party cannot end the contract without paying for the remaining term.
Non-compete
Restricts working for competitors. Restrictions after employment ends are generally not enforceable in India, though confidentiality obligations can be.
Termination clause
Sets how and when either side can end the contract, and with what notice.
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Is a small claim worth pursuing?

India has no single small claims court, but several routes make modest claims realistic, and many people recover money they had written off simply by using the right one.

Before starting, weigh the amount at stake against your time, the court fee and travel. Often a firm, well-documented notice is the most efficient step.

Quick resources for tenants and landlords

Renting is the legal relationship most people enter most often, and the rules differ by state. Start with a written rent agreement that suits your state's law, registered where the law requires. Landlords should complete police verification of tenants. Tenants should keep rent receipts and a record of the property's condition at move-in. A landlord who wants a tenant out needs a reason the law accepts and usually a formal order; switching off water or power to force the issue only creates legal trouble for the landlord. Each city guide explains the local rent law and forum, and the property guide covers disputes in depth.

Preparing a case file your advocate will thank you for

  1. Cover note. One page: who you are, the other party, what happened and what you want.
  2. Timeline. A dated list of events, with a reference to the document that proves each.
  3. Documents. Copies in date order, each numbered to match the timeline.
  4. Correspondence. Emails and messages exported in full, not cropped screenshots.
  5. People. Names and contact details of witnesses and anyone involved.
  6. Questions. What you most need to know from the advocate.

A file like this shortens the first consultation and usually lowers cost, because the advocate spends time on your case rather than on sorting papers.

Using National Lok Adalat days

National Lok Adalats are held on fixed dates announced in advance by the legal services authorities, usually several times a year, in every district and many High Courts. If you have a pending bank, cheque, accident, electricity, water or family dispute and the other side is open to settlement, ask your advocate or the District Legal Services Authority to list it. Pre-litigation disputes, such as a bank's claim against you, can also be taken up before any case is filed. An award there cannot be appealed, and the court fee on a settled pending case comes back to you, so prepare your terms in advance and read the award before agreeing.

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Deadlines matter in your kind of matter. Book a free call back today rather than waiting.

Resources for farmers and rural landowners

Land is the most valuable asset most rural families own, and most rural legal problems are about it.

The property guide and the relevant city guide explain revenue procedures in more detail.

Resources for gig and informal workers

Delivery riders, drivers, domestic workers, construction labourers and others outside formal employment have more legal protection than they often realise. The Code on Social Security brings gig and platform workers within social security schemes, and some states have passed their own laws for platform workers. Registering on the national e-Shram portal can open access to welfare schemes. Unpaid wages, injuries at work and harassment can be raised with the labour authorities, and many informal workers qualify for free legal aid. The employment guide explains the labour codes and how to raise a claim.

Resources for persons with disabilities

The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 protects against discrimination, requires reasonable accommodation, and reserves a share of government jobs and places in higher education for persons with benchmark disabilities. Complaints about violations can be taken to the state commissioner for persons with disabilities or the chief commissioner at the national level, as well as to the courts. Persons with disabilities are entitled to free legal aid. When posting a matter on Mara Vakil, mention any access needs so the advocate can arrange meetings by phone, video or at an accessible place.

More questions about legal resources

Where can farmers check their land records?

On the state's land record portal, using the village and survey or khata number.

Are gig workers covered by any law?

The Code on Social Security brings gig and platform workers within social security schemes, and some states have their own platform worker laws.

Where do persons with disabilities complain about discrimination?

To the state commissioner or chief commissioner for persons with disabilities, or to the courts.

Can my employer stop me joining a competitor after I leave?

Restrictions that apply after employment ends are generally not enforceable, though confidentiality obligations can be.

When are National Lok Adalats held?

On dates announced in advance by the legal services authorities, usually several times a year.

Does Mara Vakil give legal advice?

No. Mara Vakil is a technology platform, not a law firm; advice comes from the independent advocate you choose.

Can I claim compensation for a hit-and-run accident?

Yes. A government scheme provides compensation for hit-and-run victims, claimed through the prescribed authority.

Who decides custody of children after separation?

The family court, on the basis of the child's welfare.

Where do housing society disputes go?

First to the managing committee, then to the co-operative registrar or apartment authority, and in some cases the consumer commission or civil court.

Is a transgender person entitled to a certificate of identity?

Yes, under the 2019 law, through the district magistrate.

Are good samaritans protected after helping an accident victim?

Yes. The law protects people who help road accident victims from harassment and liability for helping.

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Resources after a road accident

Road accidents bring urgent medical needs and, later, claims for compensation. The law offers several kinds of help.

Resources for parents

Parents meet the law over school admissions and fees, children's safety online, custody when a marriage breaks down, and guardianship of a child's property. School fee disputes can sometimes be taken to consumer commissions or state fee regulatory bodies where they exist. Online harassment of children can be reported on the cybercrime portal and to Childline 1098. Custody and guardianship are decided by family courts on the child's welfare, explained in the family law guide. Parents planning ahead can name a guardian for minor children in a will.

Resources for housing society and apartment owners

Disputes inside a building are especially wearing because neighbours keep meeting on the stairs, so a written complaint and a calm meeting with the committee often achieve more than an early legal notice. Living in a co-operative housing society or apartment complex brings disputes over maintenance charges, repairs, parking, redevelopment and elections. The society's bye-laws or the apartment owners' association rules are the first reference, and the managing committee the first forum. Unresolved disputes go to the state's co-operative registrar or apartment authority, depending on how the building is organised, and some can go to the consumer commission or civil court. Builders who fail to hand over common areas or form the association can be pursued before RERA. City guides explain how this works in Mumbai, Pune, Bangalore, Chennai and other cities.

Resources for LGBTQ+ people

Consensual same-sex relationships between adults are no longer a crime after the Supreme Court's 2018 decision in Navtej Singh Johar. The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 recognises the right to self-perceived gender identity, provides for certificates of identity and prohibits discrimination in education, employment and access to services. In 2023 the Supreme Court declined to recognise same-sex marriage, leaving the question to Parliament, while recognising the right of queer couples to live together without harassment. People facing threats or harassment can approach the police and the courts for protection, and are often eligible for free legal aid.

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Fees are agreed directly between you and the advocate. Booking the call back costs nothing.

Resources for Indians abroad managing matters at home

Distance turns ordinary legal tasks into projects. A few habits make them manageable. Keep scanned copies of title deeds, identity documents and old agreements in secure online storage. Choose one trusted person in India and give them a registered power of attorney limited to what they need to do, rather than a sweeping general power. Check the state's registration portal periodically for any document registered on your property without your knowledge. Pay property tax online so the records stay current. For disputes, an advocate in the city where the property or case is located can act while you join consultations by video, and the city guides explain local procedures. For documents signed abroad, follow the attestation or apostille route and stamp them in India within the time allowed. Finally, tell a family member where your will and key papers are kept, so that nothing is lost if something happens to you while you are away.

The Indian legal system at a glance

Many of the pages on this site assume a rough picture of how courts and authorities in India fit together. Here is that picture in brief.

LevelWhat it does
Supreme Court of IndiaThe final court of appeal, sitting in New Delhi. It hears appeals by special leave, constitutional cases, transfer petitions between states and petitions for enforcement of fundamental rights.
High CourtsTwenty-five High Courts, some covering more than one state or union territory, with benches in several cities. They hear appeals, revisions and writ petitions, and a few have original civil jurisdiction.
District and sessions courtsThe main trial courts in each district: district judges and sessions judges for serious civil and criminal matters, civil judges and magistrates below them.
Specialised courtsFamily courts, commercial courts, special courts for particular offences, and motor accident claims tribunals.
Tribunals and commissionsBodies such as consumer commissions, RERA, the NCLT, debts recovery and tax tribunals, administrative tribunals for government staff, and the National Green Tribunal.
Revenue courts and authoritiesOfficers such as the tehsildar, SDM and collector who decide many disputes about agricultural land and land records, with appeals inside the revenue hierarchy.
Lok Adalats and mediationForums for settling disputes by agreement, with Lok Adalat awards treated as decrees and no appeal from them.

Who is who in a legal matter

Advocate
A lawyer enrolled with a State Bar Council, entitled to appear in courts across India.
Senior advocate
An advocate designated by the Supreme Court or a High Court for standing and expertise. Senior advocates usually argue on instructions from another advocate.
Advocate-on-record
An advocate qualified to file cases in the Supreme Court. Other advocates can argue there, but filing goes through an advocate-on-record.
Notary
A person appointed by the government to attest documents and administer oaths, often an advocate.
Oath commissioner
An officer appointed by a court to attest affidavits filed in that court.
Public prosecutor
The lawyer who conducts criminal cases on behalf of the state.
Legal aid counsel
An advocate on a legal services authority's panel, paid by the state to represent eligible people.
Mediator
A trained neutral person who helps the parties reach a settlement without deciding the dispute.

Learn more about choosing among them in the guide to choosing an advocate.

Enrolment-verified advocates · Free for clients

Every case turns on its own facts. A verified advocate can tell you what applies to yours.

How to judge legal information you find online

Legal information online ranges from excellent to dangerously wrong. A few questions separate the two.

Mara Vakil's guides name their sources, show review dates and are written without payment from any advocate. Read the editorial policy.

Ready checklists for common situations

SituationKeep these ready
Buying a flatTitle chain, encumbrance search, approved plan, RERA registration, tax receipts, society or authority no-dues
Renting out a homeWritten agreement, tenant ID, police verification, rent receipts, inventory of fittings
Getting marriedAge and address proof of both, photographs, witnesses with ID, divorce decree or death certificate if previously married
After a death in the familyDeath certificate, will if any, list of heirs, account and policy details, property papers
Facing a police caseFIR copy, notices, identity proof, details of a surety, any medical reports
Filing a consumer complaintInvoice, advertisement or brochure, proof of defect, complaints and replies
Job disputeAppointment letter, salary slips, attendance records, emails, termination letter
Tax noticeThe notice, returns for the year, computation, bank statements, invoices

Words used in courts and judgments

Petitioner and respondent
The person who files a petition and the person who answers it.
Plaintiff and defendant
The person who files a civil suit and the person it is filed against.
Complainant and accused
The person who brings a criminal complaint and the person charged.
Appellant
The party who files an appeal against a decision.
Cognizance
The point at which a magistrate formally takes up a complaint or police report and the criminal case properly starts.
Interim order
A temporary order while the case is pending.
Status quo
An order to keep things as they are until the court decides.
Review
An application asking the same court to reconsider its decision for an error apparent on the record.
Revision
A higher court examining a lower court's order for errors of jurisdiction or procedure.
Special leave petition
A request to the Supreme Court for permission to appeal against a judgment.
Public interest litigation
A case filed to protect the public's rights rather than a private interest.
Habeas corpus
A writ requiring a detained person to be produced before the court.
Mandamus
A writ directing a public authority to perform a duty it is legally bound to perform.
Certiorari
A writ quashing an order passed without jurisdiction or in breach of law.
Locus standi
The right of a person to bring a case.
Res judicata
The bar on fighting the same issue again once a competent court has finally decided it between the same parties.
Sub judice
A matter pending before a court.
Suo motu
Action taken by a court on its own, without a petition.
Contempt of court
Wilful disobedience of a court's order, or conduct that undermines the court's authority.

Keeping up with legal changes

The law changes more often than most people realise. In the last two years alone, India replaced its criminal codes, brought the labour codes into force, introduced a new Income-tax Act and changed probate rules. Our legal news section explains important judgments and changes in plain English, with what each means for ordinary people. Each practice area and city guide shows the date it was last reviewed, so you can see whether it reflects recent changes. If a change affects a matter you are already involved in, ask your advocate how it applies, because cases started before a change may continue under the old law.

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How Mara Vakil's resources are organised

Understanding how the site is built helps you move around it quickly.

Every page links to related pages, so you can start anywhere and follow the thread that fits your problem. If you are unsure where to begin, the twenty-five common questions near the top of this page are the quickest way in.

For journalists, researchers and educators

Our guides are written to be accurate, sourced and readable, and many readers use them to explain the law to others. You are welcome to link to any page. When quoting, please link to the original page and note the review date shown on it, since the law changes. For primary sources, rely on the official text of Acts and judgments, which our guides name. If you spot an error or want to suggest a topic, write to help@maravakil.in. Mara Vakil does not comment on individual cases or advocates.

Language and accessibility

Mara Vakil's pages are written in plain English, avoiding jargon where possible and explaining it where not. Advocates listed on the platform speak many Indian languages, and you can filter the directory by language so that you can explain your matter in the one you are most comfortable with. If you have difficulty using any part of the site, including with a screen reader, tell us at help@maravakil.in and we will work on it.

Getting support from the Mara Vakil team

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Free legal calculators explained

ToolWhat it tells you
Stamp duty calculatorAn estimate of stamp duty and registration charges on a property purchase, state by state, including concessions for women where they apply
Delhi stamp duty calculatorDelhi rates for men, women and joint buyers, with the registration fee
Cheque bounce calculatorThe last date to send the notice, the payment window and the last date to file the complaint, counted from the bank's return memo
Consumer complaint fee calculatorWhich commission hears your complaint and the fee payable for the amount involved
RTI fee calculatorThe application fee and charges for copies and inspection
Gazette fee calculatorAn estimate of the government fee for publishing a name change
Legal aid eligibility checkerWhether you qualify for a free lawyer under the Legal Services Authorities Act

Calculators give estimates based on published rates. Government fees and rates change, so confirm the final figure before you pay.

Resources for advocates

Mara Vakil is free for advocates as well as clients. Advocates join with their Bar Council enrolment details, and profiles go live only after our team checks them.

Join as an advocate

Apply in about ten minutes with your enrolment number, courts and practice areas.

Registration guide

What details and documents are needed and how verification works.

Getting clients ethically

How to build a practice within Bar Council rules on advertising and solicitation.

Free case diary

Record cases, hearing dates and notes, with reminders the day before each date.

Court groups

Join the group for your court to receive notices from the Mara Vakil team.

Intern hub

Internship listings with advocates, plus reading and drafting help for law students.

Read our advocate listing policy for the rules on profiles, the court groups guide and the guide to law internships.

How we keep the platform trustworthy

Our policies are collected in the legal section, including the privacy policy, terms of use and grievance redressal.

Frequently asked questions about Mara Vakil's resources

What is on this page?

A map of everything on Mara Vakil: services, practice areas, city guides, legal guides, calculators, news, help and advocate resources.

Are the guides free to read?

Yes. All guides, calculators and news are free.

How is a legal service different from talking to an advocate?

A service is a defined task such as an affidavit or a notice. Talking to an advocate suits disputes and cases where advice on your facts is needed.

Which cities have guides?

Ten so far: the four metros, Bangalore and Hyderabad in the south, Pune, Ahmedabad, Jaipur and Lucknow. The city hub lists them all.

Can I use Mara Vakil outside those cities?

Yes. Requests from anywhere in India reach nearby advocates first, then advocates in your state and across the country.

How accurate are the calculators?

They use published rates and give estimates. Confirm the final amount before paying.

How often is legal news added?

Regularly, focusing on judgments and changes that affect ordinary people and advocates.

How do I track a service order?

Enter your order ID on the track order page.

How do advocates join?

Through the join page, with their Bar Council enrolment details. Joining is free.

Does Mara Vakil rate advocates?

No. Because advocates may not advertise, the site carries no star ratings, reviews or order of merit.

How do I contact Mara Vakil?

Call 98913 43962 or email help@maravakil.in.

Is Mara Vakil a law firm?

No. It is a technology platform that connects people with independent advocates, and it is free for clients.

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Have your documents ready? Book a free call back and share the details with the advocate.

Questions people hesitate to ask

Can I talk to a lawyer without committing to hire them?

Yes. A first conversation lets you understand your options; you decide afterwards whether to engage anyone.

Will the other side find out that I consulted a lawyer?

Not from the advocate. What you tell an advocate for legal advice is confidential.

Can I get legal help if I have very little money?

Yes. Free legal aid is available to many groups, including women, children, workers and people under the income limit. Call 15100.

Is it too late if something happened years ago?

Not always. Time limits vary widely; some claims can still be brought, others cannot. Ask an advocate before assuming either way.

Do I have to go to court to solve every legal problem?

No. Notices, complaints to regulators and ombudsmen, mediation and Lok Adalats resolve many disputes.

Can I change my mind after filing a case?

Usually yes, with the court's permission, though there may be consequences such as costs or being unable to refile.

What if I cannot read English well?

Choose an advocate who speaks your language; the directory has a language filter.

Is a phone call from the police about a case real?

Be careful. Police do not arrest people over video calls or demand money by phone. Verify through the local station and report suspicious calls on 1930.

Can a lawyer refuse my case?

Yes, an advocate may decline, for example because of a conflict of interest or workload. You can approach another.

What if I lose?

You may be able to appeal, and you may be ordered to pay some costs. Discuss risks with your advocate before starting.

Can I record my conversations as evidence?

Recordings can sometimes be used as evidence, subject to rules on electronic evidence and privacy. Ask an advocate before relying on them.

Is my information safe on Mara Vakil?

Advocates see your matter without your number until one of them takes it on, and everything else is handled as our privacy policy describes.

What should I do if money is taken from my account without permission?

Report it to your bank immediately and on 1930. Quick reporting limits your liability under RBI rules.

Can an online seller refuse a refund?

Sellers must follow their published return and refund policy and consumer law; unresolved complaints can go to the platform's grievance officer and then the consumer commission.

Can a hospital refuse my medical records?

Patients and families can ask for copies of their records, and refusal can be complained about.

Can I ask a company to delete my personal data?

Under the data protection law you can ask for data no longer needed to be erased, subject to legal retention requirements.

Is a "digital arrest" real?

No. It is a scam. Police do not arrest people over video calls. Hang up and report it on 1930.

Lawyers in other cities

Courts, local laws and practice differ from city to city. Read the guide for another city:

Related services:

Practice area guides:

Free tools:

Guide: How to find a lawyer in India · Post your case online

Still not sure where to start?

Describe your situation in a few lines with your city and what has happened. Enrolment-verified advocates who handle such matters can see it, and the one who accepts will call you. It is free for clients.

Describe your matter, free

This page gives general information about Indian law as of 15 October 2026. It is not legal advice and is not an advertisement or solicitation by any advocate, as restricted by Rule 36 of the Bar Council of India Rules. Laws and court practice change, and the right answer depends on your facts; confirm the position for your case with an advocate before acting. Mara Vakil is a technology platform, not a law firm. Read our disclaimer.

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